Article: Entre idéologie et innovation lexicale : étude fréquentielle des néologismes français en -isme/-ysme
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Date
2026
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Authors
Ráčková, Lucia
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Abstract
Cette étude examine le potentiel créatif du suffixe -isme/-ysme dans les néologismes nominaux récents du français contemporain. Elle s’appuie sur le corpus web frTenTen23, issu de la plateforme Sketch Engine, largement utilisée en traitement automatique des langues et en lexicographie. L’analyse fréquentielle repose sur un ensemble de néologismes extraits du corpus à partir de candidats néologiques recueillis selon une méthodologie hybride. L’hypothèse centrale postule que le suffixe -isme/-ysme, servant à marquer une doctrine, un mouvement, une religion ou une attitude, apparaît prioritairement dans des néologismes relevant du domaine socio-politique. L’étude s’intéresse également à la position occupée par ce suffixe parmi les autres suffixes français participant aux processus d’innovation lexicale. Les résultats principaux issus de l’échantillon analysé montrent que : a) le domaine de la vie humaine où le suffixe -isme/-ysme est le plus fréquemment attesté correspond à la sphère politique et sociologique, suivi par les domaines de la biologie et des sciences ; b) ce suffixe se classe au troisième rang en termes de productivité observée. L’exploitation du suffixe -isme/-ysme pour désigner des doctrines, idéologies, comportements ou tendances, souvent liés à l’actualité ou à des figures publiques, demeure un processus dynamique et en constante évolution. Cette situation soulève des questions relatives au statut des néologismes ainsi formés, ainsi qu’à leur adaptation et à leur intégration dans les dictionnaires. Les conclusions de cette recherche peuvent ainsi trouver des applications concrètes en lexicologie et en lexicographie.
Between ideology and lexical innovation: A frequency study of French neologisms ending in -isme/-ysme. This study examines the creative potential of the suffix -isme/-ysme in recent nominal neologisms in contemporary French. It is based on the frTenTen23 web corpus, on the Sketch Engine platform, widely used in natural language processing and lexicography. The frequency analysis is based on a set of neologisms extracted from neological candidates obtained via a hybrid methodology. The central hypothesis posits that the suffix -isme/-ysme, used to denote a doctrine, movement, religion, or attitude, appears primarily in neologisms relating to the socio-political domain. The study also looks at the position occupied by this suffix among other French suffixes involved in lexical innovation processes. The main results from the sample analyzed show that: a) the area of human life where the suffix -isme/-ysme is most frequently attested is the political and sociological sphere, followed by the fields of biology and science; b) this suffix ranks third in terms of observed productivity. The use of the suffix -isme/-ysme to designate doctrines, ideologies, behaviors, or trends, often linked to current events or public figures, remains a dynamic and constantly evolving process. This situation raises questions about the status of neologisms formed in this way, as well as their adaptation and inclusion in dictionaries. The findings of this research may therefore have practical applications in lexicology and lexicography.
Between ideology and lexical innovation: A frequency study of French neologisms ending in -isme/-ysme. This study examines the creative potential of the suffix -isme/-ysme in recent nominal neologisms in contemporary French. It is based on the frTenTen23 web corpus, on the Sketch Engine platform, widely used in natural language processing and lexicography. The frequency analysis is based on a set of neologisms extracted from neological candidates obtained via a hybrid methodology. The central hypothesis posits that the suffix -isme/-ysme, used to denote a doctrine, movement, religion, or attitude, appears primarily in neologisms relating to the socio-political domain. The study also looks at the position occupied by this suffix among other French suffixes involved in lexical innovation processes. The main results from the sample analyzed show that: a) the area of human life where the suffix -isme/-ysme is most frequently attested is the political and sociological sphere, followed by the fields of biology and science; b) this suffix ranks third in terms of observed productivity. The use of the suffix -isme/-ysme to designate doctrines, ideologies, behaviors, or trends, often linked to current events or public figures, remains a dynamic and constantly evolving process. This situation raises questions about the status of neologisms formed in this way, as well as their adaptation and inclusion in dictionaries. The findings of this research may therefore have practical applications in lexicology and lexicography.
Description
Subject Headings
nominalizace, neologismy, francouzština
Keywords
néologie lexicale, suffixation, nominalisation, langue du web, Sketch Engine, lexical neology, suffixation, nominalization, web language, Sketch Engine
ISBN
ISSN
DOI
doi.org/10.15452/SR.2026.26.0009
License
CC BY-NC 4.0
Citation
Studia Romanistica 26(1), 2026, 117-128